Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island Resources

Compiled by Tom Sapienza

Legislation

There are two pieces of legislation that relate to the heritage of Norfolk Island.  The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (Commonwealth) and the Norfolk Island Heritage Act 2002 (NI).

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

The EPBC Act is the major act covering heritage and archaeology within the boundaries of the Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Heritage Area (KAVHA), because KAVHA is part of the Australian Convict Sites serial world heritage listing, is listed on the National Heritage List and Commonwealth Heritage List.

The EPBC Act operates at much higher level than most state-level heritage acts, however, it does not provide protection for areas that are not part of World Heritage, National, or Commonwealth heritage listings.

Important sections of the EPBC Act are:

Part 15, Division 1 – Managing World Heritage properties

Part 15, Division 1A – Managing National Heritage places

Part 15, Division 3A – Managing Commonwealth Heritage places

Norfolk Island Heritage Act 2002 (NI)

The Norfolk Island Heritage Act 2002 has several aims:

  1. The establishment a Norfolk Island Heritage Register, on which objects and places of significance to the heritage of Norfolk Island are listed.
  2. The establishment of a panel of heritage advisors, which can be consulted for advice on heritage matters as needed
  3. The establishment and operation of a heritage conservation fund
  4. Requiring heritage impact statements and/or conservation management plans for certain development applications

Heritage sites and museums

Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA)

The main heritage site on Norfolk Island is KAVHA which is listed at the World Heritage, National and Commonwealth levels, primarily for its significant convict-era (1788-1856) history, buildings, ruins and archaeology. Archaeological deposits from the pre-European Polynesian inhabitants of Norfolk Island (who had abandoned the island by the time of European arrival in 1788), and from the post-convict residents of the island were also found here.

The Norfolk Island Museum

The Museum is in the Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area, though the collections are stored across five sites:

  • Commissariat Store 

The Commissariat Store houses the KAVHA archaeological collection, with artefacts from the pre-European and convict eras.

  • Protestant Chapel

 The former Protestant Chapel houses artefacts from the HMS Sirius, flagship of the First Fleet, which wrecked on the reef at Kingston in 1790.

  • 10 Quality Row

10 Quality Row is a house museum, restored to resemble the house in the 1850s.

  • Pier Store

 The Pier Store contains historical artefacts and information related to the post-convict phase of settlement on Norfolk Island.

  • 9 Quality Row

The research centre at 9 Quality Row contains documents and photographs from all phases of Norfolk Island’s history and is accessible for researchers and visitors.

Bounty Museum

The Bounty Museum is a privately owned, with many artefacts and documents related to the island’s history, and to the Pitcairn Islanders, who are descended from the Bounty mutineers.

RSL Museum

The Norfolk Island RSL has a museum of militaria related to Norfolk Island, focused on WW2 material.

Norfolk Island Historical Society

The Norfolk Island Historical Society is the main community group aimed at learning more about the island’s history. Regular meetings are held, and occasional guest talks by visiting researchers and historians are offered.

References and other materials

The following is a list of reports and documents related to historical archaeology on Norfolk Island.

Most of these reports are unpublished reports delivered to government departments, and they can be quite difficult to source. For anyone searching for reports, the best place to start would be with the Norfolk Island Museum and research centre: [email protected]

Allen, Jim and Jane Lennon (1978) Report to the Commonwealth Department of Construction on the historical archaeology of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for Department of Construction.

Bairstow, Damaris (1985) Bounty Street supply line excavation. KAVHA Archaeological Report 18 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Bairstow, Damaris (1985) The Guardhouse, New Military Barracks. KAHVA Archaeological Report 22 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Bairstow, Damaris (1985) Outbuilding A1G Government House. KAVHA Archaeological Report 21 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Bairstow, Damaris (1985) Stables, Government House A1B. KAVHA Archaeological Report 19 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Bairstow, Damaris (1990) Norfolk Island. Archaeological report on proposed relocation of lighting, Quality Row, Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1990) Norfolk Island. Archaeological report on proposed works to New Gaol, Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1990) Norfolk Island archaeology brief [New Gaol, lighting relocation]. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1990) The Town Creek Drain. Norfolk Island archaeology brief. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) 5-6 Quality Row. Archaeological assessment retaining walls. KAVHA Archaeological Report 29 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) Archaeological Plan. KAVHA Archaeological Report 30 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) Artefact Catalogue. KAVHA Archaeological Report 31 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) The New Gaol Archaeological Works. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) The New Gaol. Historical Archaeological Report. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 3. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1991) The Town Creek Drain archaeological assessment. KAVHA Archaeological Report 27 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1992) 5-6 Quality Row. Archaeological assessment retaining walls. KAVHA Archaeological Report 29 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1992) Retaining walls, 5-6 Quality Row. KAVHA Archaeological Report 29 Part 3. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1992) Convict remains in Music Valley. KAVHA Archaeological Report 33 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1992) The New Gaol excavation report. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 5. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) 5-6 Quality Row extension to fire detection system. KAVHA Archaeological Report 29 Part 4. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) Cemetery area storm water diversionary drain. KAVHA Archaeological Report 37. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) Constable’s Quarters extension to fire detection system. KAVHA Archaeological Report 34. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) The New Gaol preliminary assessments. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 6. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) Roman Catholic Priest’s garden. KAVHA Archaeological Report 35. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) Slaughter Bay sea wall. Watermill Valley privy. KAVHA Archaeological Report 36. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) The New Gaol research and interpretive design. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Bairstow, Damaris (1993) The Civil Hospital research and interpretive design. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Birmingham, Judy (1981) Norfolk Island archaeological report. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Birmingham, Judy and Graham Wilson, Martin Davies (1979) Norfolk Island first interim report. Unpublished report.

Cosmos Archaeology (2021) Underwater archaeological test excavation report. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Davies, Martin (1980) Archaeological documentation report on the conservation programme, 1980-1, Kingston-Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Delprado, Bruce and Peter McLaren (1990) Sand quarry restoration report, Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Area. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Department of Housing and Construction (1981) Norfolk Island: the architectural historical record of Kingston and Arthur’s Vale. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Duncan, Brad and Martin Gibbs, Lisa Richards, Janelle Blucher, Natalie Blake (2014) Norfolk Island archaeological remote sensing survey report 2014. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Environment.

Erskine, Nigel and Karina Acton (2005) Conservation assessment of the Sirius Collection. Unpublished report for Department of Environment and Heritage.

Eslick, Christine (1981) Norfolk Island archaeological report. Unpublished report.

Extent Heritage (2020) Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) archaeological zoning and management plan (AZMP) (2 volumes). Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Frost, Andrew (2021) Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) geophysical survey (part 1 and part 2). Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Gibbs, Martin and Brad Duncan, Robert Varman (2017) The free and unfree settlements of Norfolk Island: an overview of archaeological research. Australian Archaeology (83):82-99.

Henderson, Graeme (1984) Report to the Australian Bicentennial Authority on the December 1983 preliminary expedition to the Wreck of H.M.S. Sirius (1790) at Norfolk Island. Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 22.

Henderson, Graeme and Myra Stanbury (eds) (1985) Expedition report on the Wreck of HMS Sirius (1790). Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 24.

Henderson, Graeme and Myra Stanbury (eds) (1987) Australian Bicentennial Authority Project 1987 expedition report on the Wreck of HMS Sirius (1790). Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 28.

Henderson, Graeme (ed) (1989) 1988 expedition report on the Wreck of HMS Sirius (1790). Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 37.

Hobbs, Douglas (2015) Cultural heritage survey. Kingston Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Infrastructure services upgrade: crank mill, double boatshed, blacksmiths’ compound and Quality Row. Kingston, Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Hobbs, Douglas (2015) Cultural heritage survey. Kingston Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Quality Row infrastructure services upgrade. Kingston, Norfolk Island (DRAFT). Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Lydon, Jane (1998) Cemetery bay, Norfolk Island. Archaeological monitoring of barricade. Unpublished report for Department of Public Works.

Lydon, Jane (1998) Emily Bay, Norfolk Island. Preliminary archaeological assessment. Unpublished report for Department of Public Works.

Lydon, Jane (1998) No. 9 Quality Row, Kingston, Norfolk Island. Archaeological assessment, February 1998. Unpublished report for Department of Public Works.

McBryde, Isabel and Alan Watchman (1993) ‘… lost in the Sirius…’? – Consideration of the Provenance of the Hatchet Head Recovered from the Sirius Wreck Site, Norfolk Island. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 17: 129-143.

O’Connor, Colin (2007) Historic bridges and roads of Norfolk Island. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering (3):75-82.

Packard, Paul (1990) Archaeological supervision of sand extraction at Site 1, Cemetery Bay, KAVHA, Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Government.

Purslow, Martin (2020) Arthur’s Vale fencing and rehabilitation project 2020. Summary of project methodology and delivery. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Purslow, Martin (2020) Munna’s archaeological excavations. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Purslow, Martin (2020) Parking barrier installation Bay Street, Slaughter Bay. Summary of project methodology and delivery. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Purslow, Martin (2020) The Surgeon’s Quarters verandah reconstruction. Summary of project methodology and delivery. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Sapienza, Tom (2022) Historical documentary research on external paint colours in Kingston. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Sapienza, Tom (2024) Historical information on Kingston chimney pots/chimney coping/chimney capping/etc. Unpublished report for Department of Infrastructure.

Stanbury, Myra (1990) HMS Sirius Project: report on the artefact collection at Norfolk Island 13-26 March 1990. Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 39.

Stanbury, Myra (1994) HMS Sirius 1790. An illustrated catalogue of artefacts recovered from the wreck site at Norfolk island. Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology Special Publication No. 7.

Stanbury, Myra (2002) HMS Sirius 2002 expedition report. Western Australian Museum Department of Maritime Archaeology report 167.

Starr, Fiona (1997) Convicting artefacts: representation and the convict experience of life, illness and death on Norfolk Island (2 volumes). Unpublished BA thesis, University of Sydney, Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology.

Rice, Jean and Graham Wilson (1999) Report on the stabilisation of two Second Settlement buildings at Longridge, Norfolk Island. NEGP Project No. 536. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Administration.

Varman, Robert VJ (1981) Norfolk Island archaeological document report. East side, main building. New Military Barracks. KAVHA Archaeological Report 6 Part 1. Unpublished report for the Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1981) Norfolk Island archaeological investigation of route of proposed underground pipework. KAVHA Archaeological Report 7 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1981) Recommendations for the Royal Engineer’s Office and Stables (DRAFT). Unpublished report for the Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Commissariat Store (All Saints). KAVHA Archaeological Report 10 Part 1. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Interim recommendations, New Military Barracks, Officers’ Outbuilding (D16C). Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) KAVHA Archaeological Report 5 Part 3 (various buildings). Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) New Military Barracks, Officers’ Outbuilding. KAVHA Archaeological Report 9 Part 1. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) New Military Barracks, Officers’ Outbuilding. KAVHA Archaeological Report 9 Part 2. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Norfolk Island archaeological investigation of route of proposed underground pipework. KAVHA Archaeological Report 7 Part 2. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Proposed toilet facilities, Royal Engineer’s Complex, (H30A and H30B). Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Royal Engineer’s Office and Stables. KAVHA Archaeological Report 8 Part 1. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Royal Engineer’s Office. KAVHA Archaeological Report 8 Part 3. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1982) Superintendents of Convicts’ duplex (D2 and D3) (DRAFT). Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Flaghouses. KAVHA Archaeological Report 12 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Flaghouse and privies. KAVHA Archaeological Report 12 Part 2. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Norfolk Island archaeological investigation of route of proposed underground pipework. KAHVA Archaeological Report 7 Part 3. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Preliminary excavation report. Pier area. KAVHA Archaeological Report 7 Part 4. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Settlement guardhouse. KAVHA Archaeological Report 13 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Settlement guardhouse. KAVHA Archaeological Report 13 Part 2. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Stipendiary magistrate’s annex (Golf club annex). KAVHA Archaeological Report 14 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1983) Superintendent of Convicts’ Duplex (D2 and D3). KAVHA Archaeological Report 11 Part 2. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Transport and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1984) Double boatshed. KAVHA Archaeological Report 16 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1984) Protestant Church /  Youth Centre. KAVHA Archaeological Report 14 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1984) Survey study of the First, Second and Third Settlements of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for Australian Heritage Commission.

Varman, Robert VJ (1985) Police office (single boatshed). Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1985) Summary list of works [at KAVHA] for after 1988 (DRAFT). Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1985) Surgeon’s quarters. KAVHA Archaeological Report 20 Part 1. Unpublished report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1986) Building materials as criteria for dating in Sydney and environs from 1788: a documentary survey and assessment of dating potential. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sydney Department of Historical Archaeology.

Varman, Robert VJ (1987) Government House outbuilding (A1G). KAVHA Archaeological Report 21 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1987) Number 10 Quality Row, Kingston, the Foreman of Works’ quarters. KAVHA Archaeological Report 25 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Varman, Robert VJ (1990) Archaeological report Emily bay outlet. Unpublished report.

Varman, Robert VJ (1990) Cemetery Bay water assurance scheme Quarry site 1 archaeological report. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Government.

Varman, Robert VJ (1992) Surgeon’s quarters and 1788 and 1792 Government Houses site. Key to site and 1986 excavated material. Unpublished report for Department of Administrative Services Australian Construction Services.

Varman, Robert VJ (1993) Bricks and Nails. Building materials as criteria for dating in Sydney and environs from 1788: a documentary survey and assessment of dating potential. Update to unpublished 1986 PhD thesis, University of Sydney Department of Historical Archaeology.

Varman, Robert VJ (1993) Superintendent of convicts duplex. 2-3 Quality Row. Pit distribution report. 1987 excavations. Key to site and excavated material. KAVHA Archaeological Report 11 Part 3. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Varman, Robert VJ (1993) Pier area. Report on archaeological excavations September – December 1983 and April – May 1984. Key to site and excavated material. KAVHA Archaeological Report 7 Part 5. Unpublished report for Department of Administrative Services Australian Construction Services.

Varman, Robert VJ (1994) St Barnabas’ Chapel archaeology component and historical perspective. Unpublished report for Friends of St Barnabas, Norfolk Island.

Varman, Robert VJ (1998) Archaeological zoning plan: Phillipsburgh/Cockpit historic site. Part 1: historical. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Landcare Group Incorporated.

Varman, Robert VJ (1998) Archaeological zoning plan: Phillipsburgh/Cockpit historic site. Part 2: inventory. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Landcare Group Incorporated.

Varman, Robert VJ (1998) Excavated ceramics 1840s-1880s 2 and 3 Quality Row, Kingston Norfolk Island. Unpublished webpage, only available as scanned printout.

Varman, Robert VJ (1998) Upgrade and assessment of historic values for places listed in, or nominated to, the Register of the National Estate in regard to Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for Australian Heritage Commission.

Varman, Robert VJ (nd, but circa 1998) Late eighteenth century artefacts from Phillipsburg, Norfolk Island. Unpublished webpage, online available as printed printout.

Varman, Robert VJ and Damaris Bairstow (1985) ‘The Barn.’ KAVHA Archaeological Report 17 Part 1. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Wilson, Graham (1980) Norfolk Island: archaeological documentation report. Kingston-Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Part 1 – New Military Barracks. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Wilson, Graham (1980) Norfolk Island: archaeological documentation report. Kingston-Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Part 2 – Excavations at the landing place. Unpublished report for Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction.

Wilson, Graham (1994) Conservation and interpretation works. Golf club retaining wall (D1G). Old Military Barracks well (D12N). Former police hut sea wall (J1C). KAVHA Archaeological Report 37 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1994) The Lime Kiln Police Hut (J4) conservation and interpretation works. KAVHA Archaeological Report 38 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1994) The New Gaol excavation report and recommendations. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 8. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1994) Report on impact of proposed building development Portion 52r, Watermill Vally. KAVHA Archaeological Report 39 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1994) Sand resource survey Emily Bay-Cemetery Bay region KAVHA Norfolk Island. Archaeological sensitivity assessment. Unpublished report for Norfolk Island Government and Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1994) The surgeon’s privy (H1C) proposed conservation and interpretation works. KAVHA Archaeological Report 36 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1995) The Lime Kiln Police Hut excavation report and recommendations. KAVHA Archaeological Report 38 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1995) The New Gaol (G4) excavation report and recommendations. KAVHA Archaeological Report 26 Part 9. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1995) No. 9 Quality Row preliminary assessment. KAVHA Archaeological Report 40 Part 1. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1995) The Swamp Creek and Serpentine Area report and recommendations. KAVHA Archaeological Report 40 Part 2. Unpublished report for Australian Construction Services.

Wilson, Graham (1996) Proposed adaptation of the crankmill structure. Unpublished report for the KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham (1996) The swamp dwellings group proposed conservation and interpretation works. Unpublished report for Works Australia.

Wilson, Graham (1997) Norfolk Island Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area artefact data base for material collected 1993-1996. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham (2004) Kingston Pier, Norfolk Island. Proposed refurbishment. Review of options, impact assessment and mitigative strategy. Unpublished report for KAVHA Management Board.

Wilson, Graham (2005) Cemetery sand pit. Cemetery Reserve, KAVHA, Norfolk Island. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham (2005) Crankmill [Asset H28]. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham (2005) Quality Row kerbing. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham (nd but circa 2005) Proposed Flagstaff Hill path – archaeological constraints. Unpublished report for KAVHA Board.

Wilson, Graham and Martin Davies (1980) Norfolk Island: archaeological survey Kingston-Arthur’s Vale Region (2 volumes). Report for Department of Housing and Construction.

Wilson, Graham and Martin Davies (1983) Norfolk Island. The archaeological survey of Kingston and Arthur’s Vale. (2 volumes). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Wilson, Graham and Martin Davies (circa 1980). Second interim report – Archaeological research & survey program, Kingston and Arthur’s Vale, Norfolk Island. Unpublished report.

Wilson, Graham and Peter McLaren (1993) The New Gaol research and interpretive design assessment. Unpublished report for Australian Constructure Services. Wilson, Graham and Peter McLaren (1994) The Swamp Creek and Serpentine area conservation study and interpretative design. Unpublished report for Australian Constructure Services.